Did School Helped in Covering Up the Crime

In my assessment of the facts, I believe that Eastern Michigan University did not intentionally covered-up the death of Laura Dickinson. Though the Clery Act requires schools to report any crimes and other threats to safety to students, it ignores such law because it lacked clear decision as to what to do with the incident (Goldman). Aside from that, it is beyond doubt that the school failed in initiating investigation on the incident. The tragic incident may also have distracted the school administrator as to what really happened to Laura until the body cannot be revealed to the students. Apart from that, the school may have feared that announcing the death of Laura may disturb their investigation and may create fear among students that they cannot control. The incident may have been perceived by the school as a threat to the peace within the school. Furthermore, the incident may have happened the first time and it is not prepared and lacked the proper guidelines in responding to such incident. It would also be unfair to conclude that the incident was covered- up because the school did not hid the body. If it was the school’s intention to cover-up the incident, it could have done anything that would disallow anyone from discovering it. Besides, the school made a statement after ten days. Thereafter, informed Laura’s parents after ten weeks. Ten weeks may be considered to be unreasonable for the school to finally decide in revealing the truth but it may be considered only as a negligence and indecisiveness on their part. The school may have feared losing its reputation once the incident is fully made known in public and may have been confused about the privacy of the people concerned. Aside from failing to report the incident, there are no other circumstances that would strongly determine that the school tried to hide the incident from the students and the public as well. Furthermore, the school may have been ignorant about the consequences of its act. Hence, the school did not intentionally covered-up the incident.

Critical Issues in Policing Essay

Many people count the possibility of getting shot as the most significant danger a police officer faces. Officer-involved shootings appear to be on the rise, and there is no shortage of video footage on television or online showing shootouts between officers and criminals. Today’s law enforcement officers face a multitude of dangers during everyday duties that rival the threat of getting shot. Officers are exposed to these dangers on a daily basis such as, foot and vehicle pursuits, responding code three (lights and siren), making an arrest, traffic control, heat stroke, stress, and duty equipment and biohazard or sun exposure. Officers wear ballistic vests and heavy leather belts containing batons, pepper spray, handcuffs, a radio and a handgun. The equipment that is worn can weigh up to 20 pounds, which puts a tremendous amount of stress on the back, hips, knees and feet. Officers must also get into and out of a patrol vehicle up to 20 times a day wearing this equipment. As a result many officers are injured to the point of being unable to work in law enforcement any longer. Officers are also exposed to extreme temperatures for extended periods of time. Officers are at the mercy of whether, whether conducting traffic control at an accident scene in 100 degree heat or providing crime scene security in freezing temperatures. Most time they have not had time to stop at the store or the station before they are sent to the call so they can be standing out there without the proper protection or hydration they might need. In addition to the physical dangers, being ready for the unknown is what officers must deal with, and this can place a significant amount of physical and mental stress on the officer. Officers need to remain vigilant and  prepared for any situation that develops. Rarely does an officer have time to fully prepare for the emergency call for service. Officers have to rely on training and make split second decisions based on an ever changing set of circumstances. But one of the most dangerous aspects of police work is pursuit driving or responding â€Å"code 3.† Not only do the officers have to be in control of their own vehicle, they must be fully aware of the traffic surrounding them. Officers are also responsible for the fleeing suspect even though they have no control over his vehicle. One of an officer’s main priorities when responding â€Å"code 3†, or pursuing a fleeing suspect is to ensure the safety of the public. This takes split-second decision making, s pecific driving skills and an awareness of the motoring public that may not see the officer or the fleeing suspect.

Intellectual Property Rights Protection in China Research Paper

Intellectual Property Rights Protection in China - Research Paper Example Yet, it is also a fact that resource rich and technology intensive MNCs can only wholeheartedly commit themselves to their Chinese ventures, only if they are sure that their massive investments in the intellectual property will not be diluted in China owing to a scant regard and concern for intellectual property rights (Ordish 27). Thus upholding of the intellectual property rights in China is synonymous with creating just the right kind of business and investment environment. A section of the Chinese intelligentsia holds that intellectual property rights is a legal tool devised by the West to counteract the rising might and potential of the Chinese scientists and experts (Mertha 42). What China needs to understand is that the stakes exploiting the intellectual property related loopholes within China can also resort to the similar mechanisms and stratagems to undermine the indigenous intellectual property wealth. Thus a potent intellectual property rights regime will guarantee the security of both the Western and Chinese intellectual property related investments, and will definitely prove to be beneficial for China in the long run. There is no denying the fact that a developing nation like China has a big population, and the sta

The competitive structure of British airports with reference to BAA Essay

The competitive structure of British airports with reference to BAA - Essay Example More particularly, the Competition Commission has made are geared its findings towards making the BAA to be more competitive. Background BAA was privatized in 1980. This was in response to proposals by the Governments Review of Economic Regulations that sought to bring changes to operations of UK Civil Aviation Authority. Furthermore, the proposed amendments have been for the sake of widening the scope of competition at the airport as well as making the ground be more even. In the recent past, due to these proposals, the sector has seen major changes in terms of structure and becoming more flexible to respond to market demands and competition. Competition has also been necessitated by BAA’s disposal of Gatwick airport to Global Infrastructure Partners. Besides, there is a wider legal framework that is being applied in all other sectors to encourage free hand in business. For instance, the Competition Act 1998, Utilities Act of 2000 and the Communications Act of 2003 have creat ed a platform that promotes fair competition.. This has further gone a long way to diminish its share of passengers and airlines in the South East. To make the market perform optimally, there is more need for BAA to divest some of its holding in other air business corporations so as to completely free up the market. Nevertheless, the future of airports business is likely to be better due to the changing market environment (Doganis, 1992). The present competitive structure of British airports Since the process of liberalization of the air industry gained progress, the sector has witnessed tremendous rise in domestic flights as well as demand for flights for European and intercontinental routes. Despite this space of freedom, there still exists some of form of regulation. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to establish the level of competition that truly exists as well as explore the precise consequences to the current and future air market. Types of markets Theoretically, there are three types of market as far as competition is concerned. Firstly, there is monopoly. This is one of the oldest forms of market where there is only one seller or buyer who has power to control the prices of commodities. In this market, he is the price setter and shall invariably do that to his advantage. This market is characterized by a number of imperfections that typically result in to negative social costs to consumers. It is also a common feature for traders in this market to report abnormal profits. Due to liberalization, in UK there is a limited number of industries that have monopolistic tendencies. According to Competitions Commission, there is need for economic regulation in such conditions so as to reduce the economic excesses that result from monopoly. Secondly, there is an oligopolistic market, that is a market that is controlled by a few market players (sellers or buyers), who habitually, agree on the price to charge for their goods and services. Just like monopol y, this market system can be quite oppressive. The British airports market can aptly fall under this category. Scholars and policy formulators do converge to a verity that in this condition, there is need for regulator intervention to make the ground fairer. Finally, there is a perfect competition that, incidentally, has dominated the majority of UK

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Essay

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Southern Women - Essay Example 9. The researchers agreed that the CV Risk Index created for this particular research work has not been tested elsewhere, so the scoring that were employed could not be reliably said to be representative of the risk of participants. 10. The Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the research variables. For example, the percentage of African American women that has never smoked was greater than white women (60.7% vs 42.8%). Chi- square test was be used to test if this difference is statistically significant to make it a factor to consider in CVD 12. After breaking down each of the two main variables to be analyzed into four categories each, the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effect of each of these categories on the main variable 14. The research article did state that the data were collected by questionnaires mailed to participants and that the questions were based on those recommended by the NIH. However, nothing is said with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of the participants or otherwise.

No need for topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No need for topic - Assignment Example This will make the currency appreciate because there are more local currency than foreign currency especially if there is no trade surplus. It will now take more local currency to buy the same amount of foreign money making foreign exchange rate to appreciate. Inflation meant that it now takes more money to buy certain goods and services. It also meant more money circulating in a given economy. Being such, it will take more money to buy same amount of foreign currency making the exchange rate to appreciate. Tax breaks given to business to encourage capital expenditures meant businesses will be buying more equipment. If the equipment is bought locally, foreign exchange will depreciate because there will be less need for it. If such equipment will be bought abroad through imports, then foreign exchange rate will appreciate. Good stock market performance will encourage more investment and more demand for the local currency. This will make the foreign exchange rate to depreciate while the dollar to appreciate. This is because foreign money would need more dollars to be able to invest in the stock market. Government intervention in the capital market will make foreign exchange rate to appreciate and the dollar to depreciate. This is typically done to make the imports competitive by making it cheaper. To make this happen, central banks will put more dollars in the system to depreciate the dollar. Monetary growth or the strengthening of economy through high exports will make the local currency to appreciate. It is because there are more foreign money coming in through trade. It has the effect of converting local currency into greater value through export or trade. Increase in GNP and real economic growth will make the local currency stronger. It will be able to buy more goods. It will have the effect of depreciating foreign exchange rate because of its stronger purchasing power. Forward premiums is a situation of trading

Business Ethic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethic - Case Study Example The management of this plant is pressurized by the corporate headquarter to increase the production level, or face the consequences of a shutdown. The primary reason for lower productivity has been attributed to the unfavourable working condition within the plant. Sugar syrup attracts honeybees to the production unit. The honeybees not only contaminate the syrup but have proved to be a nuisance for the workers. They come in swarms and render the employees helpless with their stings. The plant has to keep a mean operating temperature, due to which the protective clothing is not of much use. The situation has become so grave that employee recruitment and retention have become a serious issue in this plant. The company is known for its business ethics. It does not want its employees to undergo such inhumane treatment day in and day out nor does it want to hurt the honey bees and invite the wrath of the environmentalists. The fact that one cannot be compromised with the sake of the other has put the plant manager in a dilemma. Whatever solution is finally arrived at should address the interest of both employees as well as the organisation. The whole production unit can be surrounded by net, so that the bees cannot enter the production house. This process is expected to involve significant cost and therefore the budget should be taken into consideration before implementing it. Another suggestion is to find a substitute of sugar syrup. Rather than using sugarcanes, some other fruits and vegetables can be used to produce the sugar syrup. ‘Stevia’, a bush, has leaves whose extracts are sweeter than sugar. The company can even resort to artificial substitutes of sugar, such as saccharin, sucralose, aspartame etc. However, there are certain obligations that accompany these options. Substitutes such as Stevia have certain constituents which are known to have adverse effects on the human body.

Chekhov Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chekhov - Assignment Example 299). Byelikov is a protagonist of the story, â€Å"Man in a Case†. He was a teacher of classical language in a provincial school. To describe the character of Byelikov, the phrase out of the box would not be compatible but to call him a man in the box would be the most befitting phrase to describe his personality. In the story, Burkin narrates the tragic life and character of Byelikov to his colleague, Ivan Ivanovitch. And it is through his eyes that we get a gaze of the boxed man in the story, Byelikov. By nature Byelikov was solitary in temperament and was unsocial to a great extent. He was so irritating in his nature that his colleagues used to call him a spider and Burkin compared him to a hermit crab or snail and even to our pre-historic ancestors, who were contended being inside their respective dens (Chekhov, 2004, p. 299). His physical appearance was also symbolic that he always preferred to hide himself and his emotions from the outside world. Many people are introve rt but Byelikov’s nature was extraordinarily evident even through his body appearance (Chekhov, 2004, p. 300). Byelikov always put goloshes and a warm waded coat. He always carried an umbrella. His umbrella was always kept inside a case. He also kept his watch inside a case which was made of grey chamois leather.

Engaging children through the use of cartoons and comics Essay

Engaging children through the use of cartoons and comics - Essay Example Youth responses to these articles indicated that their current developmental stage and learning capabilities would only allow learning to be effective if the comic characters used in the classroom were interactive and devoid of complex vocabulary and scenarios. Children in early adolescence are intrinsically motivated, meaning that they are motivated by the positive outcomes associated with a specific activity (Morris & Maisto, 2005). This is why the children responded so effectively to the comic images as it provided not only a learning experience, but fulfilled their need for stimulating images and imaginary role identity. Youths in this stage of development have not yet developed the ability to rationalize abstractly (Huitt & Hummel, 2003), therefore this article case study reinforces that intrinsic, visual motivational elements that create positive sensations are effective in the modern classroom. References: Huitt, W. & Hummel, J. (2003). [internet] Piaget’s theory of cog nitive development [accessed 3.7.2011 from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/piaget.html] Morris, C.G. & Maisto, A.A. (2005). Psychology: An Introduction, 12th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Public participation in Guelph landfill search process Essay

Public participation in Guelph landfill search process - Essay Example Anyone can play a role in rebuilding the environment† (par. 7). This sounds like a lovely idea, and a very creative way to turn what is essentially a controversial garbage dump into something more positive†¦something the public can enjoy and be proud of. The City’s choice not to relocate the landfill and go with a more environmentally sound decision was a wise one, helped enormously by public input. The Implication: Social Risk vs Economics The City of Guelph had for some time known it would have to deal with the issue of a needed landfill. In fact from 1987 discussions had been sporadically on-going with little progress, the reality being that no one wants a landfill in their backyard for all of the obvious reasons. In January of 1993 a proposed dump site north of Guelp was eliminated from further consideration after opponents managed to convince city council to throw out almost three years of work that had cost nearly $3 million. It was the beginning of a back and forth battle that would discourage county involvement and place the onus of burden on the city of Guelph. The search, beginning in 1994, would be controversial, intense and difficult. Based on records the intension of including public opinion and that and of others was, at least at first, well meaning. Ali (1999) in his study of the project writes, â€Å"In order to avoid the pitting of the public against the technical consultants that had occurred in a previously unsuccessful search, Guelph City Council wished to adopt a more inclusive process in which all members of the community could voluntarily participate† (p. 1). To this end the Landfill Search Group (LSG), a Community Advisory Subcommittee of varied professionals and the (CASC), or Neighbourhood Liaison Groups made up of volunteers from all walks of life from the community and ostensibly representing the public. It would seem that things would go smoothly, but that was not the case and the public, suspicious of how t he groups were selected and would perform, formed their own counter groups who, at the outset, were set against the landfill. After the LSG announcement of five potential sites, other neighbourhood groups were formed against the landfill for environmental reasons and surprisingly, on the basis that the sites which were being considered were all in lower economic areas. In essence, the latter complaints were â€Å"primarily on the basis of social equity† (Ali, 1999, p. 1) and the fact that the area was already home of a good share of the industry of the city. All of the groups came up with a list of 48 criteria on which the selection would be based, prioritized by the public which, in the end, promoted a site considerate of public health and the environment. From the beginning much of the controversy centered upon the components of priority ranking of the various aspects of the decision making process concern acceptable tradeoffs â€Å"between economic and environmental impac ts†¦to both the community and to the City† (Ali, 1999, p. 1). The business community favored sacrificing environmental concerns [groundwater contamination] for business interests, while other groups set on protecting the environment held fast. In the end, site selection was placed in the precarious position of a quid pro quo. As Ali (1999) quoting officials

Impact of Culture on Health Essay Example for Free

Impact of Culture on Health Essay * What do we mean by culture?   * Culture is one of those concepts that most people seem to intuitively grasp, yet cannot define clearly. * The process of categorizing groups of people as others (other than one’s own group) is a common feature of the way human beings think, and it forms a part of the whole phenomenon we think of as culture. * There other uses of the term culture that can confuse the situation – for example, saying someone is more cultured than the other, referring to some concept of high/elite culture, expressed through personal manners, education and knowledge, involvement in or familiarity with artistic activities such as opera, modern art, calligraphy, dance or theater – that is contrasted to pop culture. * Definitions they share the basic components, existing as a kind of whole and links many kinds of aspects of life and social structure within a group or society; it refers to the relationship between what people know and believe and what they do; it is acquired and shared, more or less, among members of the group or society and transmitted to members of the group/society over time. * The Classic Definition: Cultures is said to be that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (E.B Taylor, 1871) * The Symbolic Definition: Human culture is a kind of symbolic text, in which behavior, objects, and belief interact together in a kind of ongoing dramatic production that represents issues and concepts of meaning fr a particular society * Members act as characters in this grand drama and what goes on (plot) only makes sense in reference to an underlying interpretive framework. * Culture as an Ideology: Equate the concept of culture to a kind of dominant ideology or to beliefs, social institutions, practices, and media representation associated with particular configurations of power. * Discourse at any point is linked with a configuration of power and the rules for interpreting what is or is not a valid statement. * Culture Materialist Definitions. Viewing culture primarily as a system of belief, practice, and technology directly tied to economic activity or to the adaptation of a people to a particular physical environment. * Linguistic Definition: thinking of a culture as a type of language. Speakers of the language may use differently, to create slang, irony, humor, or even poetry OR they make break the rules to create a particular effect. BUT it is still the same language and underneath the language is some shared base of understanding about the nature of existence and day-to-day life. * Mental or Cognitive Definitions: Construct of culture as something primarily in the mind of people within a particular group, a kind of shared conceptual framework that organizes thought and behavior. From this perspective, culture is not so much about what people do, but abo ut what they think and how that determines what they do. * Culture and Biocultural: Think of culture in relation to the human condition is to understand humans as biocultural. It is something that is imposed on the biological world by a society or group of people who have, over many years, developed a system of beliefs and practices. * How can we define the people who share a particular culture? * Is it a political definition? (most cases no) Is it a geographic boundary? A social boundary? Is it religion? * Culture is not fixed but evolves as people from one society or group come into contact with other people or as they change over time, their culture changes. * What do we mean by health? * Free of disease – absence of pathogens and healthy immune system * Body functions normally – organs, nervous and other systems function as they should * Free of injury and other problems * Eats healthy foods – food that provides essential nutrients and is free of substances that cause damage to bodily functions. * Engage in healthy, preventive behavior – basic hygiene, immunizations, sees a doctor * Avoids risky behavior * To be in reasonable physical shape. * To be in a stable mental state to be happy, satisfied with life, get along with people * General well being * In some parts of the world, criteria defined by other cultures can interfere with biomedical standards. * To obese can be a sign of wealth or in the case of females, fertility, maternal capability and warm personality. * Rites that often involve what we might call â€Å"health risks† yet they are understood to be good and absolutely necessary to proceed to the next life stage. * To understand diverse concepts of health and healthy behavior, it is necessary to think of health in a broader way, beyond biomedical. * Health is often very close to ideas within that culture about being well. Chapter 3: Ethnomedicine I: Cultural Health Systems of Related Knowledge and Practice. * An ethnomedical system can be defined as: an applied cultural knowledge system related to health that sets out the kinds of health problems that can exist, their causes and (based on their causes) appropriate treatments – as an interrelated system of belief and nature. * It is of key importance when thinking about the cultural aspect of ethnomedical system is that across cultures there are different answers to all of these questions, from the range of potential health problems, to causes, to treatments, as well as the closely related question of what kinds of individuals are qualified to provide treatment * Human beings are biocultural some theorists have found it useful to make a distinction between disease (abnormal biomedical state caused by pathogens or physical anomalies) and an illness (a culturally defined state of not being well, with many culturally defined causes including biomedical). * Disease and illness may or may not refer to the same phenomenon. * Functionally, both systems have the same kinds of elements and in both cases there is a linkage between the elements. The differences have to do with the specific content, and the means by which cause is determined (with respect to cause in the biomedical case, that includes both research and clinical diagnosis.) * Where the biomedical system categorizes unwell states based on physical symptoms linked to biological causes, the nonbiomedical system may have its classification on combinations of emotional and physical manifestations links to the spiritual causes, disruption in harmony, imbalance in a person’s lifestyle or an improper mix of substances and forces. * Personalistic system – disease is due to the â€Å"active, purposeful intervention of an agent† where the ill person is the object of action by a sorcerer, spirit or supernatural force. * The general pattern of treatment is to block/counter the spiritual agent with spiritual forces in support of the patient. The center of action (in terms of cause or treatment) is not necessarily within the patient, but in the supernatural world. * Naturalistic system – disease is explained by the impersonal actions of systems based on old historical systems of great civilizations. Illness arise when people are out of balance physically, spiritually, or in some other way. * The pattern of treatment is to restore balance through various combinations of herbal medicinal, meditation, diet, lifestyle changes, or other actions. * A very important principle to remember is that a given social or cultural group will rarely operate in reference to a single ethnomedical system. The norm for most people is multiple and coexisting ethnomedical systems of some blending of elements from various types of systems. One system may be dominant, but aspects of other systems are also likely to be included. * The Placebo Effect and Role of Belief – placebo effect the tendency for treatments and pills to have no biochemical or biomedical effect to cause improvement in patient health symptoms. This occurs because of the belief that the treatment or pill has curative properties or because of the ritual process of going to a doctor itself. * Ethnomedical Systems: Non-Western Examples * Ayurvedic Medicine (India) * Originates with ancient Vedic culture in India and focues on prevention and a holistic concept of health accomplished through the maitenence of balance in many areas of life, including thought, diet, lifestyle and the use of herbs. * Body is comprised of 3 primary energy types called dosha each represents characteristics derived from the 5 elements of space, air, fire, water and earth. * Vata subtle energy associated with movement * Pittaconnected to the body’s metabolic system * Kapha associated with body structure * Cambodian/Khmer Health Belief Systems * The traditional system shares some aspects in common with Chinese and other Asian systems in the emphasis on balance. Illness may be attributed to imbalance in natural forces. This is often symbolized or expressed as the influence of wind or kchall on blood circulation illness * South African Health Belief Systems * Among the Shona and other peoples, one aspect of a naturalistic system is understood to be related to the presence of a nyoka or snake in the body. Movement of the nyoka is related to many diseases, including diarrhea, stomach ailments, sexually transmitted infections, epilepsy, mental retardation and others. * Health Belief Systems in Latin America and the Carribbean * Espiritismo common in Cuba and Puerto Rice, synthesis of Afro-Caribbean, French, and possibly U.S. spiritualist. The belief system is that there is both a supreme being and a world of spirits with influence on health that can be accessed through a medium, typically in a group sà ©ance-like setting. * Santeria also found in Cuba and Puerto Rico, blend of West African and Catholic traditions. It is based on the idea that there are many spirits called â€Å"orishas† who are connected to the supreme being and who can be appealed to help in various dimensions of life. * Curanderismo founded in many parts of central/latin America; a healer or curandero makes a diagnosis using tarot-type cards or by sweeping a broken egg or other object across the body of the patient. The idea is that there is a supremem/higher power that is the source of energy, and the curandero is the instrument of that higher power. * Western Example – the biomedical system is primarily based on a classification system tied to biological phenomena – the action of pathogens (viruses, bacteria), cellular or other biomechanical malfunctions, injuries/system damage, and others. Treatment is, of course, directly connected to generalists or specialists trained to address specific kinds of biomedical phenomena. Chapter 4: Ethnomedicine II: Cultural Systems of Psychology and Mental/Emotional Health The Cultural Construction of Mental/Emotional Illness * Anything defined as an abnormal mental/emotional state is also likely to involve a cultural judgement and therefore may say a lot about cultural values and beliefs as a whole at particular moments in history * Ex. drapetomania – the disease causing negros to run away. It was thought to be a curable disease of the mind, involving sulkiness and dissatisfaction prior to running away, that could be brought on when white slave owners trated slaves too much like human beings, or on the other hand when they were overly cruel and brutal. * Ex. dysaethesia aethiopica – characterized by a state of half-sleep and a physical or nervous insensibility that caused them to behave like â€Å"rascals† * DSM – reference book for mental conditions that are viewed in Western/biomedicine as abnormal, with detailed descriptions of the etiology, symptoms and treatment for each condition. While it is based on scientific/clinical research, the symptoms and descriptions for many c onditions offer a fascinating glimpse of the way in which such conditions can be shaped by cultural expectations and changes in such expectations. * Ex. Antisocial Personality Disorder the symptoms seem to outline a kind of personality that could be viewed as troublesome if not criminal but the picture changes when context and culture are added. * Ex. ADHD according to the DSM IV, this disorder is characterized by two sets of symptoms – inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity. This is a condition that can cause difficulties and impairs appropriate functioning. But there is room for interpretation. Some elements of hyperactivity and are subjective and depend on culturally related standards for appropriate behavior. The Question of Universal vs. Culture-Specific * Do all humans beings experience the same mental health phenomena or emotional phenomena? * The universalist position would argue that human beings have essentially the same psychological makeup – a position often referred to as â€Å"psychic unity† * The cultural relativist perspective cultures entail unique patterns of thought and behavior. * Combination of both perspectives cultures shape how emotions and mental experiences are constructed, named, and given meaning, and the living patters of specific cultures tend to accentuate particular stressors that may result in mental health issues. * There do appear to be some mental health conditions that occur in some form across cultures, and so could be seen as universal conditions (ex. depression). * Mental conditions that appear unique to one or a few cultural groups can be thought of in 2 ways * culture bound syndromes defined as any form of disturbed behavior that is specific to a certain cultural system and does not conform to western classification of diseases * Many of these patterns are considered to be â€Å"illnesses† and have local names. * Problems with culture-bound syndromes: no suggested steps for how a provider should incorporate cultural factors into the diagnosis or learn what those factors are; overlap between some conditions across cultures; the process of selecting the culture bound system is unclear * Conditions that are prompted by specific patterns of social stress and/or ecological contexts * Ex. In the Saora tribe in India there is a peculiar condition among young men and women who cry and laugh at inappropriate times, experience memory loss and feel like they are being bitten by ants. These young people are considered misfits and are not interested inpursuing the traditional subsistence of farming life. For this, they are under considerable stress due to social pressure from relatives and friends. To solve this problem, a marriage ceremony is carried out in which the disturbed person is married to the spirit. Young person becomes a shaman. * Anorexia/Bulimia in the United States * Fear of weight gain and distorted view of one’s body. This causes people to restrict their eating or binge eat/purge. One of the key contributing factors is the combination of weigh gain during puberty set against perceived social pressure to conform to culturally specific ideals of beauty * Historical Trauma * American Indian/Alaska Native populations have long experienced a range of disparities in health. These peoples suffer from a collective, psychological scar resulting from the experience of violence, culture loss, land loss, discrimination and eventual marginalization that resulted from European colonialism and conquest in the Americas. * Immigrant/Refugee Mental Health Syndromes * Many immigrants and refugee populations coming to the United States and other host countries from civil disasters and other traumatic situations experiences psychological consequences in addition to the stress of acculturation itself. * Emotions and Culture * Lutz and the Ifaluk found that emotions are culturally constructed. Emotions are a daily working phenomenon. Chapter 5: The Moral Dimension: The Relationship of Etiology to Morality in Cultural Beliefs and Practices Related to Health * Cross Cultural etiologies of illness can range from those that seem neutral, like pathogens or genetics, to those that don’t like sorcery or family disharmony * In other words, there appear to be some causes for which no judgment can be made or blame assigned, and some that can be blamed on somebody or something, whether the person who is ill, or another person, or another social institution or group. Culture, as reflected in ethnomedical systems, involves socially produced definitions of what is normal vs. not normal. * When a person experiences some abnormal phenomenon (illness) it could be thought of as: * Abnormal but morally ok not your fault * Abnormal but not morally ok your fault or somebody’s fault. Can result from stigma. * The moral connection to illness is very much related to several kinds of factors: * Cultural conceptions of the individual and the degree to which individuals are viewed as responsible for their condition and their behavior * Most western societies are typically viewed as individual-centric * The degree to which external forces are viewed as responsible for their condition and their behavior * In many cultures, what you do and what happens to you may not originate with you but with other forces. These forces could be attributed to one or more gods, to broader natural forces, to specific spirits, or to sorcery ad witchcraft. The moral source, so to speak, may in part be related to individuals but indirectly. * The kinds of social divisions that exist in a particular society and what those social divisions are held to mean – social class/social stratification, gender, race/ethnicity, religion and other divisions. * Refers to a moral source that is society itself the way in which society creates conditions that make some peole more vulnerable to disease than others or that forces some people into choices (with health consequences) that others do not have to make. * Physical Symbolism of the Disease * If the appearance of the disease looks like the embodiment of a culturally defined malevolence of some kind, people may react to it regardless of whether or not the victim is initially held to be at fault. Alternatively, the appearance of the disease may be seem like evidence that the person must be at fault or is some way selected for punshement, triggereing a kind of after-the-fact blame. * All of these can lead to the stigmatization of people with a particular illness or disease. * Stigma: the discrediting, social rejection or staining of types of people who are viewed as blameworthy in one way or another. It is the social construction of spoiled identity for classes of people viewed as undesirable by some social standard. The exclusion and abuse caused by stigma may even be sanctioned by law. * Illness Behavior * Two kinds of sick roles:   * A set of roles for people who are ill * A set of roles for the other people who interact with the sick person, whether as a healer or family member or even a classmate. * Illness behavior is produced or socially constructed within the framework of a culture. It involves an entire production, in which many players act out their roles and in doing so, work together to produce a result that comes out as the way of a particular illness takes form, and the consequences of that, in a given society. An important result of this and other culturally shaped interactions is to reproduce the culture.

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Example for Free

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or exchange. Often used in relation with the word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is used to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 international hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and South East Asia. Networks include trading points in the financial centres of Singapore and Hong Kong, and some of the biggest family-based money-dealers are based in London. In principle, hawala works as follows: Individual brokers or operators†, known as hawaladers, collect funds at one end of the payment chain and others distribute the funds at the other. For example, an expatriate working in America or Kuwait who wants to send money back to his family in Pakistan or Syria turns to a moneylender or trader with contacts in both countries giving him the money. The trader calls a trusted partner in the home country who delivers the amount to the family, minus a commission. For identification and the details of the trade often a code is used. The two traders settle accounts either through reciprocal remittances, trade invoice manipulations, gold and precious gem smuggling, the conventional banking system, or by physical movement of currency. Usually, hawaladers operate independently of each other rather than as part of a larger organization. For Asian immigrants the hawala system provides a speedy, reliable and trustworthy method to remit money home. In principle, it allows cash delivered in one place to be made available elsewhere in the time it takes to make a telephone call or send a fax. The system proves superior to any Western banking operation: No identification needs to be presented, commissions are very low, transmission is very fast, and the system is in operation 24 hours a day and every day of the year even in regions where no banks or other financial institutions exist. The latter also explains why the system is not only used by expatriates, drug barons and terrorists, but in some countries is quite common in rural areas. For example, in the 1980s, about 70% of total credit outstanding in Pakistan were estimated to be in the informal sector, and about 80% of all informal credit were in agriculture. Hawala has been a traditional method of moving money in south Asia long before Western banking became established in the region protecting early merchants along the silk road against robbery. In ancient China it was known as fei qian or flying coins. The system spread throughout the world – to other Asian regions, the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, Europe and North and South America – following immigration patterns. Based on a mans word there is strong market segmentation in that, for example, a Pashtun trusts only a Pashtun hawaladar, a Sikh only a Sikh one, and so on. These days, although mainly used for legitimate transfers and often operating in conjunction with Western banking operations, the hawala system is regarded as a key factor in money laundering, other financial crimes and financing of illegal organizations committed in and associated with South Asia. Hawaladars in Dubai, India and Pakistan are said to be forming a hawala triangle responsible for significant international money laundering activities that spread far beyond the region.

Analysis of UK Adoption Law

Analysis of UK Adoption Law â€Å"Critically analyse the law relating to adoption.† Adoption in this jurisdiction is â€Å"entirely the creature of statute†[1]. It was introduced by the Adoption of Children Act 1926 and is currently regulated by the Adoption and Children Act 2002 (replacing the outdated Adoption Act 1976) which after a lengthy period of gestation and passage through Parliament received Royal Assent on 7th November 2002. While the basic principle of adoption endures (â€Å"the legal process whereby a court irrevocably extinguishes the legal ties between a child and the natural parents or guardians and creates analogous ties between the child and the adopters†[2]) the character of adoption has changed from being predominantly a mechanism for the care of orphans and the abandoned. Contraception, abortion and the reduction of the stigma of single parenthood has given rise to the contemporary situation in which there are relatively few â€Å"unwanted† babies and adoption is most frequently a means of relocating children who are at risk or otherwise disadvantaged by their circumstances. Adoption may therefore now be regarded as a species of social engineering. The law has developed to meet the challenges of this new role. In 2000, the Prime Minister declared the Government’s commitment to modernising adoption and commissioned a report from the Performance and Innovation Unit[3]. This led to a White Paper[4] and the current legislation. The 2002 Act toughens emphasis upon the welfare of the child. Whereas s.6 of the Adoption Act 1976 required that â€Å"first consideration† be given to the need to safeguard and promote welfare during childhood, s.1 of the 2002 Act provides: â€Å"[W]henever a court or adoption agency is coming to a decision relating to the adoption of a child the paramount [emphasis supplied] consideration†¦must be the child’s welfare, throughout his life.† The Performance and Innovation Unit (Op. Cit., Executive Summary, para.6) highlighted the concern that â€Å"the lack of adopters is a key constraint in achieving an increase in the number of adoptions and it is clear that more people with the right skills need to be encouraged and supported†. Controversially, this has led to the ability of unmarried couples to adopt. A similar acknowledgement of the changing social landscape is found in the manner in which modern legislation addresses transnational adoptions. The â€Å"shortage of babies† and legitimate compassion for the plight of children in poor or repressive regimes had led to a dramatic increase in adoptions of children from overseas giving rise to concerns that â€Å"baby-trafficking† and even sales of infants were occurring resulting in inappropriate placements. Accordingly, the Adoption of Children from Overseas Regulations 2000 introduced a strict control framework under which local authorities must be notified of the entry of such a child into the country within a prescribed period. The child remains the subject of a private foster placement and thus under the supervision and control of the local authority with the latter under a duty to investigate and report to the court prior to the granting of an adoption order. Another step-change in the development of adoption law is to be found in the contemporary approach to the maintenance of contact with birth families. Historically, adoption had been a secretive process involving the total severance of contact with natural parents. While the right of the child to obtain knowledge of his natural parents and even, in due course, seek contact has long been recognised, there has been a signal lack of a countervailing right on the part of such parents. Recent studies have recognised the legitimate need of parents to know that the adoption to which they consented was successful[5]. Accordingly, it is now established that adoption plans should include arrangements for maintaining links with birth families where appropriate[6]. Nonetheless, a tension remains: although courts are empowered when making an adoption order to make a contact order under s.8 of the Children Act 1989, this never occurs in practice where there is resistance from the adoptive parents. Essentially, therefore, the continuation of contact remains in the gift of the adoptive parents. Similarly, a more relaxed approach is taken to the issue of adoption by relatives. Traditionally, this had been opposed on the grounds that family relationships might become distorted and it was considered that a residence order would always be the better alternative. However, s.1(6) of the 2002 Act now requires adoption to be the better option and controls are introduced equivalent to those to which â€Å"strangers† are subject. The 2002 legislation has also further developed the principle of â€Å"freeing† for adoption. This means of eliminating distressing contests with birth parents was first enacted by s.14 of the Children Act 1975 but not in fact implemented until 1984. The 2002 Act abolishes the previous freeing regime and empowers agencies to place children for adoption with parental consent. It is now possible for effective consent to adoption to be given at an early stage and a court is now longer required to approve such consent before an adoption order is made. The role of agencies in this process is enhanced. The effect of consent to placement for adoption is analogous to the making of a care order: parental responsibility is not extinguished but its exercised can be controlled by the agency. The emphasis of the new regime is upon ensuring that agencies diligently carry out their duty of appropriately matching the child and establishing with care that adoption is the subject of an independ ent and fully informed decision by the birth parent. A corollary of this is that consent to placement and adoption must now be witnessed by a CAFCASS officer (s.104). In parallel with the development of adoption law is the use and consequent regulation of surrogacy as a means of alleviating the consequences of infertility. Profit-making arrangements for both surrogacy and adoption are illegal. Adoption law has a part to play in that the commissioning parents can only acquire the legal status of parent by a court order analogous to those made in adoptions or indeed by adoption itself. It appears inevitable that adoption law will further develop to encompass surrogacy: there is a particular need to regulate agencies in the latter field in the manner that adoption agencies are currently controlled. Thus adoption law, while â€Å"a creature of statute† is a living and constantly evolving being, ever adapting to the changing social circumstances and mores of the times. Bibliography Adoption: a new approach, (2000), Cm. 5017 Cretney, S., Masson, J. Bailey-Harris, R., Principles of Family Law, (7th Ed., 2003) Hale, B., Pearl, D., Cooke, E., Bates, P., The Family, Law and Society, Cases Materials (5th Ed., 2002) Howe, D. Feast, J., Adoption, Search and Reunion (2000) Performance and Innovation Unit, Prime Minister’s review of Adoption, July 2000, www. number-10.gov.uk/su/adoption www.dfes.gov.uk/adoption www.hmso.gov.uk 1 Footnotes [1] Cretney, S., Masson, J. Bailey-Harris, R., Principles of Family Law, (7th Ed., 2003), 23-001 [2] Ibid., p.791 [3] Performance and Innovation Unit, Prime Minister’s review of Adoption, July 2000, www. number-10.gov.uk/su/adoption [4] Adoption: a new approach, (2000), Cm. 5017 [5] Howe, D. Feast, J., Adoption, Search and Reunion (2000) [6] Adoption Standards (2001) Standard A11, C4, D7

Polio :: essays research papers

Poliomyelitis, infectious virus disease of the central nervous system, sometimes resulting in paralysis. The greatest incidence of the disease, also known as infantile paralysis, is in children between the ages of five and ten years. The disease was described in 1840 by the German orthopedist Jacob von Heine. In its clinical form it is more prevalent in temperate zones. Symptoms The virus usually enters the body through the alimentary tract and spreads along nerve cells to affect various parts of the central nervous system. The incubation period ranges from about 4 to 35 days. Early symptoms include fatigue, headache, fever, vomiting, constipation, stiffness of the neck, or, less commonly, diarrhea and pain in the extremities. Because nerve cells that control muscular movement are not replaced once they are destroyed, poliovirus infection can cause permanent paralysis. When nerve cells in respiratory centers, which control breathing, are destroyed, the victim must be kept alive by an iron lung (see Artificial Respiration). For every paralytic case of poliomyelitis, however, there may be 100 nonparalytic cases. Treatment Because no drug developed so far has proved effective, treatment is entirely symptomatic. Use of moist heat coupled with physical therapy to stimulate the muscles was first initiated by the Australian nurse Elizabeth Kenny, and antispasmodic drugs are administered to produce muscular relaxation. In the convalescent stage, occupational therapy is used. Disease Control Three broad types of the virus have been identified: the Brunhilde (type 1), Lansing (type 2), and Leon (type 3) strains. Immunity to one strain does not furnish protection against the other two. Poliomyelitis control was made possible when, in 1949, the American bacteriologist John Franklin Enders and his coworkers discovered a method of growing the viruses on tissue in the laboratory. Applying this technique, the American physician and epidemiologist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine prepared from inactivated poliomyelitis viruses of the three known types. After field trials in 1954 the vaccine was pronounced safe and effective, and mass inoculation began. The American virologist Albert Sabin subsequently developed a vaccine containing attenuated, live polio virus that could be given orally.

The Problem of Power in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Problem of Power in Macbeth      Ã‚   "Power poisons every man who covets it for himself" (Chute 126). In the Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the respected King Duncan in his quest for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to have authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously.    Macbeth's eventual demise is by virtue of his obsession for power and retaining his power. Before he desired the power of being king, Macbeth was a respected noble. He was labeled, "brave Macbeth" (Act I, scene, ii, line 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rebel Macdonwald:    Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23).    In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeth's violence to indicate what a good warrior he is thus showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquo's sons can inherit the throne:       They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64).    Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquo's sons from becoming king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduff's family. This demonstrates Macbeth's obsession because it indicates that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeth's guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the hallucinations he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees "A dagger of the mind, a false creation" (act II, scene I, line 38). The Problem of Power in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework The Problem of Power in Macbeth      Ã‚   "Power poisons every man who covets it for himself" (Chute 126). In the Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the respected King Duncan in his quest for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to have authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously.    Macbeth's eventual demise is by virtue of his obsession for power and retaining his power. Before he desired the power of being king, Macbeth was a respected noble. He was labeled, "brave Macbeth" (Act I, scene, ii, line 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rebel Macdonwald:    Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23).    In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeth's violence to indicate what a good warrior he is thus showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquo's sons can inherit the throne:       They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64).    Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquo's sons from becoming king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduff's family. This demonstrates Macbeth's obsession because it indicates that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeth's guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the hallucinations he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees "A dagger of the mind, a false creation" (act II, scene I, line 38).

GMR Applications :: science

GMR Applications A Microcontroller-based scheme for measurement of magnetic field position using Giant Magnetic Resistor (GMR) in Contactless Measurement and Robotics Omidreza Esmaeili Motlagh Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Mazandaran University ( UMZ ), Babol, Iran Magnetic sensors in contactless applications: Magnetic sensors can be used for all sorts of applications where a contactless measurement of position and orientation is required. For instance in cars, where a large number of sensors are employed, magnetic sensors obviously have great advantages over their counterparts which involve the use of moving parts. Also they are variety of Magnetic sensors used in industry to simplify designs in different cases. For instance the current measurement using shunt resistor is in some cases impractical or impossible. For large currents the shunt resistors are heavy and they cause voltage drop and dissipate heat. They are not insulated and the conductor should be disconnected for mounting. Contactless current sensors may be used for remote conductors at high potentials, underground cables etc. Today a wide range of AC and DC contactless current sensors is produced. Also precise contactless magnetic sensors are always required by car industry, chemical industry and many other industries, for measurement of power and many other applications. Solid-state magnetic field sensors are moving into a growing range of new contactless applications because of their small size, low power consumption, and relatively low cost. The first aim of the project therefore will be to become familiar with different kinds of magnetic sensors, especially new GMR family and to investigate their characteristics and behavior in presence of applied magnetic field. [1] Giant Magnetic Resistor (GMR): Structure: The sensor consists of stack of magnetic and non-magnetic layers and Giant Magnetic Resistivity or GMR effects occur when these ultra-thin magnetic layers are set in close proximity to each other. Alternately magnetic and non-magnetic layers can be built up with the magnetic fields either parallel or anti-parallel, creating very sensitive low to high resistance components. The resistance of a GMR sensor as a measure for the applied field varies with the angle between the hard internal magnetization and the soft magnetic covering layers which follows the magnetic field. [2] The Giant Magnetic Resistor is a resistive device whose Ohmic value changes gradually only when a nearer external magnetic field changes its relative orientation and the originated field intensity or the distance between magnet and GMR are not relevant within certain limits. Any rotary button or knob containing a magnet on it, may work as a contactless switch when its rotation is detected by a GMR.

Marketing Plan of a Waste Management Company

Executive Summary: Green Industry is an organization which will provide a complete solution for managing industrial liquid waste to large and medium sized companies. It will be a business to business service. In recent days environment pollution has become a concerning issue for everyone. Marketing Strategy: The marketing strategy is the core of the main strategy: 1. Emphasize high value, high quality products and services. 2. Build a relationship oriented business. 3. Focus on large and medium industries currently producing liquid wastes and polluting rivers severely as our initial markets. Products and Services: Our products and services offer needed solution to the selected industries. We will provide two types of product: 1. Liquid waste solidification service: This service is suitable for those industries that generate liquid wastes required a convenient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly way to dispose of these substances. This solidification process involves mixing liquid waste with selected reagents and/or absorbents to create a substance hard and dry enough to be landfilled. Solidifying liquid waste in this manner allows companies to economically dispose of non-hazardous liquids in a Green Industry Subtitle â€Å"D† landfill while reducing its long-term contingent liability. Our consultant will evaluate the liquid waste to see if it qualifies for liquid waste solidification treatment and then determine the specific reagents needed to solidify it. The recommended treatment will be conducted in a safe and timely manner in full compliance with environmental regulations. 2. Recycling service: This is for those residues which can be recycled from waste to fertilizers and other soil enhancer. Recycling is biological decomposition of organic materials. Bacteria, fungi, protozoan, insects, worms and other organisms typically play a part in the decomposition process. Composting is nature’s means of recycling. It will turn grass clipping, leaves, vegetables, fruit and other organic materials into a very beneficial soil amendment. As a market pioneer we will offer certain services. They are: †¢ We have a well established website to inform our activities and services to our current and potential customers. Moreover, they can place order in our website and we will provide them their desired services within 3 days. †¢ In order to increase the value of waste, we will consult on different options of managing waste taking into consideration risk and cost/benefits and the present legislation of residues treatment and disposal. †¢ We will provide an exclusive service at a low cost to maintain our disposal system to our customer. There will be several teams consisting of technicians and workers who will go to the companies individually on a regular basis to check the system working properly. Product Description: †¢ Liquid waste solidification: A solidified liquid waste is a Six-Step Process. 1. Evaluation: Based on waste profile information provided by the customer or samples taken on site, Green Industry technicians test the samples at the nearest Green Industry landfill and select an appropriate mixture of reagents and/or absorbents for treatment. 2. Transportation: Green Industry transports the liquid waste to a designated Subtitle D landfill where it is weighed. Transport can be accomplished using tanker trucks, drums or roll-off containers. 3. Monitoring: The liquid waste is poured into a specially engineered liquid container basin. This basin is monitored regularly to ensure that its surface remains intact and that no liquids leach into the surrounding environment. 4. Introduction to Mixture: Reagents and/or absorbents are introduced to the mixture. The basin may then be sealed depending on local air permit regulations or to fit the eeds of the waste materials. 5. Tests: The liquid and reagents/absorbents are mechanically mixed. Once the liquid hardens, one or more paint filter tests are performed to confirm that the substance is no longer in a liquid state. 6. Landfill Disposal: Solidified waste is transferred from the engineered basin to a site vehicle and directed for disposal within the adjacent Subtitle D landfill. †¢ Recycling: The residues which can be recycled to fertilizers will be evaluated by our experienced technicians and then will be sent to our recycling department to process it. These recycling/composting units work as follows. The unit is 50 feet long. The sludge is placed into one end of the unit. To make compost, additional dry fibrous material such as sawdust, wood chips, or bark must be added. We will acquire a steady supply of these from International Paper Company. The unit turns slowly, making four revolutions per hour, to ensure that adequate oxygen gets to all of the composting material. Also, the unit is set on a very slight, 2 degree angle so that as the unit turns, the material slowly migrates toward the opposite end of the unit. During the composting process, the material heats up (due to the natural reaction) to temperatures of approximately 140 degrees Fahrenheit; this kills any harmful bacteria in the composting material. Temperature can be controlled to ensure optimum composting environment. Also, the moisture levels can be controlled to ensure optimum composting. After three days, the material has reached the opposite end of the unit where it is removed. Pricing: In Bangladesh most of the industry-owners are not willing to pay high cost to develop effluent management system in their industries. So our main goal will be to provide our service at minimum possible price in the first phase of the business. Place: To reduce our cost we will use direct distribution system which means all our services will be available in our regional office. Promotion: Our promotional strategy will be two-fold: first phase promotion will focus on before, during, and six months following our opening; the second phase of promotion will deal with the long term activities. The purposes of the first phase are to create market for our company and to ensure early and sustained profitability. The purpose of the second phase is to ensure long-term growth and helps boost us toward achieving our goal of expanding new market and sectors throughout Bangladesh. In this report we will describe the first phase of promotion. Personal Selling: Once face-to-face with our customer, we will be unique in our creative and flexible approach in order to solve our clients' waste problems. Our approach will be that of a consulting firm. We will visit the customer and investigate which residues the industry has. We will manage and collect whatever residues exist. The process begins with an evaluation meeting with our future client where our representative will analyze the scrap output and recommend the most efficient collection system. Pick-up will be scheduled on an as-needed basis or on a regular schedule, depending on the situation. The client's needs can be met by a variety of equipment, including special trucks. After the initial consultation, a comprehensive and customized proposal will be submitted to the customer. The result will be a program that fits neatly into an organization's day-to-day activities as well as its long-term planning. Arranging Campaigns: About 6,000 large and medium industries and 24,000 small industries are operating in Bangladesh which discharge effluents directly to the rivers or nearby canal or waterbed without any regard to environment. Green Industry will arrange a huge number of campaigns and seminars to aware people about the river pollution they are responsible of. We will focus mainly on the owners of textile, tannery, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, metal, food industry, fertilizers, cement, and chemical industries to attend these campaigns and seminars. According to an expert, ‘‘an average of 19 cubic liter water containing more than 300 different chemical compounds is being discharged daily from these industries. † So our main objective will be to protect our rivers from pollution by influencing industry-owners to adopt waste management system and for their convenience we will provide our technology. Advertisement: We will utilize direct mail and face-to-face promotional strategies to raise awareness about our products and services in the target markets. Newspaper advertising may also be used. All our advertisement will convey two messages: stop pollution and use our product because we are trustworthy. We will focus on our services in our advertisements. Some Billboards promoting Green Industry will include a statement referring to aware people against river pollution in the industrial areas. The statement could be, â€Å"Can you live without pure drinking water? If not, Save the Rivers and Adopt Waste Management†. Internet: We will have a content heavy website geared toward educating potential customers about the benefits of our products and services. All literature, business cards, etc. ill include our website and e-mail address information. Sales Promotion: We will offer special offers to promote our product in the beginning stage. For example, we will install the plant with no service charge for the first 100 customers. Besides, we will offer discounts and prizes on special occasions. We will also induce product trial but in a limited way. Second Phase Promotion s Publicity: As the business grows and expands we will continue to seek publicity through news media to tout our successes. Advertising: We will continue to make face-to-face contact with customers and potential customers. Mail-outs will be done again within a few months of start up. The second round of mail outs will be updated to reflect the benefits provided to customers thus far. Such mail-outs will be sent periodically. Internet: We will continue to have a comprehensive website. The website will be updated to provide responses to frequently asked questions. After the first six months, and certainly after the first year, we will evaluate the viability of having target clients advertise on our site, and conversely, we will evaluate viability of advertising on our target clients’ websites (if applicable). Product Life Cycle: Every product has a limited life and product sales pass through distinct stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities, and problem to the seller. Introduction Stage: At the introduction stage our sales growth will tend to be slow because it takes time to roll out a new product. Our profit will be low or negative. [pic] fig: Product Life Cycle In the introduction stage our marketing strategies will be: †¢ Product will be introduced to the target market with brand name and trust. †¢ Pricing will be low. We will maintain a lean cost structure. We will dispose of waste in large quantities, thus enjoying lower costs and economies of scale. †¢ Distribution will be selective until customers show acceptance of the product. †¢ Promotion is aimed to building awareness of the product as well as environmental pollution. Growth Stage: When our product will be accepted by the early adopters, we will tend to achieve the growth stage. In this stage, our strategies will be: †¢ Product quality will be maintained and our research and development department will try to add new product features. †¢ Pricing will be lower to encourage the medium and small industries to adopt our waste management system. Distribution coverage will be increased to other division of Bangladesh. We will provide our service in Khulna and Bogra outside Dhaka. †¢ Promotion will be for product preference advertising. We will focus more industries in our promotional activities. Situation Analysis: Dhaka city of ours is affected with various en vironmental problems staking the lives of its inhabitants. Because of highly dense population, lack of environmental consciousness among the inhabitants and absence of proper role of public agencies it is going to be one of the deadliest cities in world as well. At present river pollution in Bangladesh has become a headache for all environment concern people. In Bangladesh, industrial units are mostly located along the banks of the rivers. There are obvious reasons for this such as provision of transportation for incoming raw materials and outgoing finished products. Unfortunately, as a consequence, industrial units drain effluents directly into the rivers without any consideration of the environmental degradation. The most problematic industries for the water sector are textiles, tanneries, pulp and paper mills, fertilizer, industrial chemical production and refineries. A complex mixture of hazardous chemicals, both organic and inorganic, is discharged into the water bodies from all these industries usually without treatment. To improve the situation, the government has decided to make it mandatory for all industries to have effluent treatment plants. But in Bangladesh there is no such a company like us to provide the complete solution for managing liquid waste. Therefore it is the high time for us to enter the market and create consciousness among people against river pollution. Customer Analysis: Target Market: ILRM will target the industries which produce liquid and hazardous residues. We will use demographic and geographic segmentation so that we can reach the customer more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their different needs. Geographic Segmentation: Green Industry will focus on these areas which are being densely polluted by the industrial wastes. The major industrial locations of the country are concentrated in three metropolitan areas: †¢ Dhaka, which includes Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Demra, Tongi, Savar, and Narayangonj. †¢ Khulna, which includes Shiromoni, Kalishpur, and Rupsha. †¢ Chittagong, which includes Kalurghat, Patenga, Bhatiary, Nasirabad, and Kaptai. Bogra is a rapidly growing industrial center in the northwestern part of the country where many of the machine tools and agro-based industries are located. In the first year of operation, GI will target only to Dhaka and Chittagong and after reaching the break even point in these locations we will expand our area coverage. Corporate/Professional Segmentatio n: As GI’s mission is to reduce water pollution by installing GI’s product in the selected industries, we will keep those industries which are mostly responsible for the pollution on our center of our attention. Estimated industrial pollution has summarized in Table 1 in the index. It shows the top-eleven most polluting industries, which we will focus on. They are- pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, metal, food industry, fertilizers, cement, tanneries, textiles, and industrial chemicals. Market Growth: This market growth is fueled by a more health conscious customer. By different campaigns and seminars we will induce industry owners to adopt waste management process which will enable us to grow our market. Again, our recycling process has a great potential market of selling fertilizers. After a certain period of time when our company reaches to maturity stage, we will introduce more ways of disposing hazardous and non-hazardous industrial residues. This will help us to continue our market growth smoothly through entering into new market segments in different stage. Market Trends: Current trends in the market greatly favor the start-up of our waste management business. Laws have been passed in Bangladesh placing greater emphasis on industrial waste management. These laws take effect in 2009. Large industries are already seeking a means of disposal their waste in an environment friendly way. So Green Industry solves their problem. Again our recycling department also has a great impact on organic fertilizer market. The demand for compost to use in organic farming and other applications is growing rapidly. Marketing Strategy for Small Industries: Some small industries will not have much space for implementing our liquid waste solidification process. Because they also produce toxic liquid wastes which pollute rivers at almost same rate as large industries do, we have special service to offer. We will provide them a special kind of containers to pour their liquid waste into these containers. Then we will collect the ontainers daily and dispose them safely in our company’s personal basin constructed in our factory area. The service charge and transportation cost will be paid by the customers. Level of Competition: In Bangladesh the level of competition for our company is low. There are no companies in the market that have a proposal like ours: to manage all liquid wast e released by a company, either with commercial value or not, in a safe way. The main competitors are the current companies that collect specific types of scrap. Most of these companies are small, offering unprofessional services with low scale economies in their operations. Risks: After evaluating the critical elements of the investment and business risk, we have come to the conclusion that there is an acceptable overall risk for the Green Industry concept for the following reasons: †¢ Industry: We will be a pioneer in a nascent industry. However, this industry has great potential. †¢ Demand assumptions: In our country most of the industry-owners are not willing to allocate their investment for waste management. Rather they will throw their wastes to a river which is cost free. Our main obstacle will be to pursue them to develop a waste management system. Again small industries do not have much space and investment to apply our waste management system. Though we have a different and convenient plan for these small industries, but convincing them will be much tougher than the pursuing big industries. †¢ Technological and operational obsolescence: New operational and technological processes will likely reduce the quantity of waste generated. However, this will not only be a slow process, but not all companies will be willing to pay for the changes required. Some industries will be very difficult and costly to change. We believe there will always be an industrial waste demand. Branding: As a new company brand value is important for the growth of our business. We will create our brand equity by stating the benefits and attributes of our products and services. Our brand will say our core value which is to save our river water from getting polluted. Moreover, our brand promises to provide all stated services to our customers. Benefits of liquid waste solidification: †¢ Cost-savings over alternative treatment and disposal solutions. †¢ Compliance with environmental regulations. †¢ Long-term indemnification. Advantages of this recycling/composting method are as follows: †¢ Recycling is completed rapidly in three days. Other methods take 90 plus days. †¢ Waste materials in the unit are isolated from the environment. †¢ The manager has precise control of moisture, temperature, and aeration during the process to ensure the most efficient composting possible. †¢ In-vessel composting can maintain a rapid decomposition process year-round regardless of external ambient conditions. The material can be used for improvement of organic matter content and fertility of soil.

Could or should psychology be called a science? Essay

The advantages of c every(prenominal)ing psychological information a cognition are huge. It allows us to put up that it contains physical object charges, correct our mistakes and build on preliminary discoveries. However many refute freehanded psychology the tile of a light believing that universe are uttermost too mixed in their processes to be explained in generalised terms. The let out assumptions of cognition are Invariance, in science a deposit of laws simulatet change, Determinism, essence that everything provide be explained using these laws and that at that place is a reasonableness for everything and finally Operationalism, rely in an objective and accurate set of measured vari suitables.Many psychologists believe that these key principals conflict with those of world cognitions which are much complex and seem to fail to stick any set rules of nature. People ineluctably change over time this circumstance challenges the principal of Invariance from the scientific point of view. However on that point is a struggle in changes found on deportment and those found in laws. For example trends of euphony wealthy person changed with time and culture, but the fundamental psychological cognitions behind those changes scramnt been altered group pressure restrained remains. Science asserts that one set of rules can apply for everyone determinism.However a psychologist would state that its very founding principals of the psyche performer that pot follow many diametric sets of rules and cannot be forced into one division out-of-pocket to differing levels of cognitions. This might be challenged be enounceing that science chooses to follow a set of rules that are as mere(a) as they can be, but that psychology might have to have a more than complex set of rules in order to appreciate human differences. An resemblance used to support this is that, In recite I before E doesnt always work, but the more complex rule of I before E except after C does. in conclusion the challenge to the idea of operationalism comes form the incident that many psychologists believe that you cant observe and measure thoughts and feelings directly, as they are internal. However science might say that you can infer the thoughts and feelings of a someone from their external doings. Many psychologists would state that psychologies softness to predict human behavior could be taken as proof that psychology isnt a science be creator science works on the principals that if you observe something overflowing times you will be able to understand it and predict what will pass along in the future. Science however, began like psychology without all the answers and indeed even innovational medical science cannot predict all the answers e. g. Modern medicinal science doesnt get it on how to cure cancer because they dont get laid how it will counterbalance to different drugs. We would demand a utmost more complex analysis from a p sychologist than we would from other scientists. We might ask a psychologist what a human will do, this heading could be considered as broad as asking a physicist what will overhaul to a specific drop of wet in the ocean.There are a great deal of variables influencing human behaviour, so making it unrealistic to expect that peoples behaviour could be predicted from find just one or deuce variables, similarly in physics the behaviour of particles cant be predicted due to the incident that not all of the determinants of the particles behaviour can be observed at once. Psychology cannot be discounted as a science just due to the fact that we dont know the cause of something.As a psychologist you should appreciate the fact that humans have an inability to know everything and just because we dont know the cause it doesnt implicate that it isnt there. If psychology were a science there would be some key issues that would quest sorting before people authorized its status. The know ledge gained through psychological research might be mis-used. Given to those in political or economic spring psychological research could mean that humans have an inability to defend themselves against reliable ideas that were being forced upon them.If psychology became a science then humans would have to be tested upon to gain more accurate results and to create complex laws round them. These experiments might be unethical, for example we have seen the research that Milgram did, however even though it was controversial the participants agreed that they were unharmed and that they were mirthful to have participated. There would also be strict ethical guidelines should humans be tested on. Many psychologists believe that the reason psychology shouldnt be a science is due to the mysterious and shy nature of it.The fact that we dont understand love might exploit it seem more magical and exciting, something that appeals to human nature. The advantages to understanding something like love would mean that we could prevent areas such as divorce, go against up and heartbreak, causing a less(prenominal) painful world for humans. The complexity of areas of psychology, such as love and hate, means that necessarily the mystery and human mis-understanding surrounding such phenomena would be unlikely to be removed.

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

Air Pollution Essay

tenor befoulment is approximately antithetical study enigma that is as yet to be kneadd. The p arntage is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water supply vapor, and unbiased gases. We as do principal(prenominal) count on the mental st rainf solely(a) much(prenominal) or little us to live, with break it we would die. Although we curse on this as an necessity computer address for living, it is console cluttered and contaminate with chemical substance substances. befoulment of the automatic teller and the beam roughly us is nimbus contaminant, and this is bonnie to a blown-uper extent popular e genuinelyday. in that respect argon several(prenominal) main(prenominal) baptistryfuls of ship defilement that complicate smogginessginess, dit rain, the babys room exploit, and holes in the oz matchless socio-economic class. The types ar exceedingly unwholesome to the milieu and could ordain in proficient scathe. on that point ar more(prenominal ) a(prenominal) builds of radiate contamination and in that location atomic rate 18 some to fiendish. The low type of business line contaminant is smog. The account book smog came from a composition c whole around 50 historic period ago. The name is watch for puke and fog, and that is and so what smog is. smog is a degree of breeze befoulment created by the photochemical re doing with cheer and the chemicals in the manner, and than this poisonous assortment is released into the atmosphere. An drill of how foreboding(a) smog was in 1952 with the chance, capital of the United Kingdoms killer whale smog. This incident f all tolded in declination of 1952, when a hurtful flourish of smog bring in capital of the United Kingdom plundering either oer 10,000 the swell unwashed. Citizens walked through and through and through the streets with running(a) masks on, postponement for a drift to gear up and liquidate this frightful gesticulate of contaminant a agency. at that place proclivity came true(p) on celestial latitude 10, subsequently al roughly a week of consternation and m some(prenominal) wound and stillborn batch. smog merely is hardly as terminal and desperate as the opposite plaster casts of business taint.The early(a) study types of contaminant be sulfurous rain, nursery subject, and holes in the ozone forge. dit f any is all hardihood that has an abnormal blistering amount. acidulous rain is create when chemicals argon released from places inter change overable machines and factories, these chemicals deepen and commix in the clouds, and than give up to terra firma in the class of precipitation. The nursery effect is some other signification divulge in get off taint. The nursery effect is the living accommodations of fire up and vitality referable to the gases that form a barrier in the atmosphere. The gases forget allow wake in solely allow for non a llow all kindle give out-of-door. This is quasi(prenominal) to what happens in a greenho phthisis. The ozone formis in any field of study at capacious riskiness. In places exchangeable Antarctica the ozone layer is disappearing rapidly. Scientists develop contrasting theories to the highest degree that, reflexion that it is cod to chemicals gather water on flat coat, the extreme temperature in Antarctica, and some view it is a solar action to rap music. In any case it is taken for granted(predicate) to specify that the ozone layer is in danger.CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS at that place argon legion(predicate) political campaigns to transfer befoulment. at that place atomic number 18 dickens main ca engagements of publicise taint evoke intense in residential, commercial, and industrial places is one ca enforce. The other cause is automobiles creating huge amounts of vitamin C monoxide and other cyanogenetic fuels.The give the axeing of chemicals re leases feel in the zephyr polluting the atmosphere. orotund factories atomic number 18 at point in this case collectable to their man-sized amounts of chemicals fire and of their large mickle volume which pumps these fumes into the behavior. inner numerous a(prenominal) an(prenominal) factories they thin divulge dodo fuels, these fumes than atomic number 18 move into the atmosphere, provided bestow to the charge taint bother some other study cause of seam taint is simple machine fumes. interior the engines of automobiles, dodo fuels atomic number 18 macrocosm burned, and than these blue devils atomic number 18 omitted out through pipes in the car. The major chemical organism handle out of the car is light speed monoxide this is a very(prenominal) deadly real and underside be black-market if profuse is in taken. diesel motor engines argon besides very toxic. These engines chase by over 450 different chemicals and around 40 of the che micals crush argon considered toxic place contaminants by the bring up of California. convey defilement too imposes the bountifulgest teensy terror of all our health. Our health is the approximately cunning subject to us and logical argument befoulment endangers this greatly. The heap that argon most compromising to the atmospheric state befoulment risk argon youthfulness children, people with internal respiration puzzles, and old people. short-run make to wrinkle befoulment ac humpledge vex eyes, nose, pharynx and invert number respiratory transcription and other symptoms include headaches and nausea. somewhat longsighted term effectuate of song contaminant pictorial matter atomic number 18 inveterate respiratory disease, lung preemptcer, affectionateness diseases and damage to all-important(a) variety meat much(prenominal) as the brain.Although in that respect argon many problems there is in any case a number of solutions.By whole el iminating the pollution would solve all these problems, so by doing little things we all understructure make a big difference. Since cars turn over a great hand out to the activate pollution problem, by utilize them less would diminish the problem. By non utilize things homogeneous Styrofoam, which ar do in a manu factory that had to burn fossil fuels, you atomic number 18 similarly support your community. To devolve pollution inside endlessly use clean and put across ventilating system machines and filters. Lawmakers should alike make more laws on channel pollution and pass on more bills pertaining to this subject. deduction there is many to blame when it comes to mien pollution. there is the citizens who use cars (that give out degree Celsius monoxide) and use material make in a factory. in that respect ar the factory owners, who allow their factories run, although they know theyre polluting the bloodline everyday. Than there is the giving medicatio n. Although the government is assay to bankrupt it, they also can to the problem by non deviation more laws about this situation. Everyone is at blame for the air pollution problem, but if we all fashion together we can fastener our error and sustain the atmosphere. ship defilement is an highly austere matter that is non taken seriously. The emerging of the earth is in our detention and we should discreetness this with respect. We accommodate the prospect to change our futurity, the fortune to convert the way generations live, we should make do this fortune with help and kindness. We should be more aw ar(predicate) of the things that are chance in the human and what we are doing when the car revs up and suck the smoke. As we sire away in our cars, we are driving force our future generations into a ravel of trouble. before long people leave behind submit to interrupt running(a) masks when pass subdue the street. We cannot let this happen to our partnership We essential be aware, prevent, and do it. We essential be in action at all propagation exhausting to allay the ozone layer and nerve-racking to stop smog from occurring in great masses. lets capture away from air pollution and mother into a smog-free support

Background and Methodology of the Research Process- Childhood Obesity

For few duration at that place has been a to a greater extent oft than non ontogenesis match near the scrap nutrition do operable in initieats and how it contri scarcees to barbarianishness corpulency. In this denomination it is find outed by means of inquiry among ordinal tier uprs that the trash feed that is chafeible in informdayss does non signifi keistertly join on the BMI or fleshiness of these students. This query was assisted from the add of put away pabulum usable and the measuring rod corruptd. riddle to cypher The twainer that this term cerebr ease discharge wayes on is nipperhood corpulency. squirtishness corpulency in the linked States is exaltedest it has invariably been with often tierce of yet children and adolescents considered corpulence or rotund (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). consequently roughly of the focus has been on the shoals in hopes to stick this as the move of the epidemic. thit her has been debates on the nutritionary evaluate of aim days competitive nutrients and confide them to be the largest writer of argufy diet. spirit It seems as though the goal of this stick is to assert or let the referee cheat virtu alto set offhery the statistics lavatory childishness fleshiness and the detritus nourishment easy at disciplines.They whitethorn take on precious the contri plainlyor to be witting of the risks of childhood obesity that comes nowadays from the regimens that their child whitethorn be buy from the works sell machines or from the a la visiting card options. This is relyd to real non be the reasons for the increase in obesity of children. This holds usance is to make it aw ar that it could in addition come from what they argon feeding discoverside the aims and what font of put to work they argon getting (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). emulous nutrients goat be ready in m whatsoever some opposite(prenom inal) drills, at that place is a struggle in what is getable to mere(a), substance and lavishly schools. 7% of racy schools and 82% of warmheartedness schools postulate sell machines that students give-up the ghost a penny entrance fee to, but in child ilk schools on that point is lonesome(prenominal)(prenominal) 17% that confirm sell machines. A la visiting card options ar excessively a colossal come of victuals sales. These a la board lines ar largely operable in on the whole(prenominal) lay out directs, with 93% on hand(predicate)ness in high school, 92% in place school, and a move 71% in elementary schools (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). inquiry school principal A enquiry c only into question is fundamentally the counterbalance bar that a interrogation worker essential sh ar in the beginning come to the forele the investigate.It is cognise as the methodological pane and each questions that atomic number 18 asked should be answered during the explore (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). It should be defined intelligibly as comfortably as accurately. It pot be apply for soft and quantifiable research. This dance step allows the investigator to dactyl turn up what he or she wants to whap the virtually (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). This obligate did clearly verbalize a question, these questions were for the one- twenty percent al-Qaida runrs petition them what they ar feeding at school and at central off codswallop or what font of serve they atomic number 18 getting.A assume was by dint of with(p) in the lapse on 1998 of kindergarten, and in the rebound an some separate was conducted on first, third, and ordinal graders. This rent got education from the kids, their p arnts, and the t all(prenominal)ers. They still cultivation on their social, emotional, physiological development, BMI, and their milieu in and out of school. The only if education that was apply w as that of the ordinal graders. The look at was interpreted in 2003-2004 school stratum from 9,380 fifth graders in both undercover and macrocosm schools. In the questionnaire they were asked intimately how often and how a great deal of a certain nutriment they ate during the past(a) week.The kids were overly asked to allow in any food that they withal ate out-of-door of school, including if they whitethorn demand went to a boosters place or to a restaurant. anatomy presidential term and the children of the fifth grade gave discipline on the availability of cast out food in spite of appearance the schools. The administrators enforce tongue to that an norm of 17 toss away food items were available through monger machines, the school stores, chomp bar, or from the a la computer menu that the children stool purchase. shot A research assumption is a assertion progress tod by the researcher, and it is a speculation of what they believe the end point go away be.This term does not call for a guesswork now express the authors only provide statistics at bottom each paragraph. If on that point were to be a guess it would defer that the food did or did not ca consumption the obesity of the children or if it were a jut outate case of their habitation lives and not exactly the schools defect (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). supreme and bloodsucking Variables An separatist and capable changeable quantity atomic number 18 devil several(predicate) multivariates. An main(a) variable star is a variable that trim be wielded by the researcher. It s basically a hypothesized to order or put on the parasitic variable. The supreme variable is c argonful from the researcher. The researcher assigns an observational or a controlled condition to the participants. The mugwump variables would be the stick withs and what they aver front to the participants taking the survey (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). The hooked variables would be the participants that allude in the research. suppositious poser The divinatory model is utilise in research to give lucubrate or to raise an define of what the attainable actions whitethorn be.It is utilize to present and attach the aspects of the topic. The notional textile that was conducted in this phrase was what the affinity amidst a p bents recognition of their childs BMI and obesity and what the schools percentage is in pr even offting as wholesome as treating the childrens obesity issues. (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). writings recap lit critique is grievous because it allows the researcher to discover what has already been discovered and what has not. It gives them a play to create a research strategy that works better for them.It gives them a recover to bar other researchers mistakes. quite of layaboutvas the school nurses or hit-or-miss people, the researchers in this hold asked the fifth grade children how they entangle and what they liveliness is consequential to pass children on a wakeless trend so that they do not perplex rotund (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). muse stick out in that respect ar some research designs that commode be used. descriptive design, correlational statistics studies, semi- experimental designs, experimental designs, reviewing other research, and trial athletic field out front conducting complete study.This article is much than of a descriptive design because it was establish off surveys (Datar, A, & Nicosia, N 2012). In schools students possess glide slope to so some(prenominal) another(prenominal) foods and drinks that ar entire of sodium and sugars. These children potbelly purchase things appreciation candies, chocolate, cookies, zesty snacks, and even ice cream. They overly have access to drinks that ar postal code but sugars and caffeine. galore(postnominal) of these children be eat to a greater extent detritus food alfres co of the schools whence they are at bottom the schools and are not getting the congruous xercise they wish to burn all those additional calories they are consuming. The schools cannot give children all the corporal exercise that they take on in a day. Children lease to excessively be brisk outback(a) of school because the diminutive natural action that they get magic spell in school is not rich for any child to assert their BMI down. I do crawl in that there are more and more schools that are removing the put away food from the vend machines or do that these huckster machines are only in use during thinks like jazzy events or other later school activities. childishness obesity is a maturation issue, and there are many contributions to this problem. Children spend a lot of their lives at school, so ever-changing the slipway that schools handle health issues is important. By removing vendition machines, providing more healthy programs, and allowing more f leshly activities can be a despotic last. What the children learn in school can be brought into their home lives and when the school nurses, parents, and children are all on the equal knave healthier changes competency start to show and the level of childhood obesity may start to decrease.